Manipulating metal–sulfur interactions for achieving high‐performance S cathodes for room temperature Li/Na–sulfur batteries

Rechargeable lithium/sodium–sulfur batteries working at room temperature (RT-Li/S, RT-Na/S) appear to be a promising energy storage system in terms of high theoretical density, low cost, and abundant resources nature. They are, thus, considered as highly attractive candidates for future application devices. Nevertheless, the solubility sulfur species, sluggish kinetics lithium/sodium sulfide compounds, reactivity metallic anodes render these cells unstable. As consequence, metal–sulfur present reversible capacity quick loss, which hinder their practical application. Investigations address issues regarding S cathodes are critical increase performance our fundamental understanding RT-Li/S RT-Na/S battery systems. Metal–sulfur interactions, recently, have attracted considerable attention, there been new insights on pathways high-performance RT-Li/Na batteries, due following factors: (1) deliberate construction interactions can enable leap capacity; (2) confine well sodium stop shuttle effects; (3) traces metal species help encapsulate loading mass with high-cost efficiency; (4) components make electrodes more conductive. In this review, we highlight latest progress immobilization via constructing bonding between various metals cathodes. Also, summarize mechanisms Li/Na interaction mechanisms. Furthermore, current challenges remedies intact confinement optimization electrochemical systems discussed review.